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do by 动词 (v + adv compl + prep + o)
http://www.pons.de/produkte/3-12-517841-X/（牛津大学出版社授权产品）
英语
西班牙语
http://www.pons.de/produkte/3-12-517841-X/（牛津大学出版社授权产品）
I. by [美 baɪ, 英 bʌɪ] 介词
by often appears as the second element of certain verb structures in English (abide by, get by, stand by, etc). For translations, see the relevant verb entry (abide, get, stand, etc).
1.1. by (not later than):
1.2. by (during, at):
2.1. by (at the side of, near to):
2.2. by (to hand) 美:
3.1. by (past):
3.2. by (via, through):
4. by (indicating agent, cause):
5.1. by (indicating means, method):
5.2. by (owing to, from):
6.1. by (according to):
6.2. by in 感叹词 phrases:
7.1. by (indicating rate):
7.2. by (indicating extent of difference):
7.3. by (indicating gradual progression):
8. by 数学:
短语，惯用语:
II. by [美 baɪ, 英 bʌɪ] 副
1. by (past):
2. by (aside, in reserve):
I. do1 <3rd pers sing pres does, 现在分词 doing, pt did, past part done> 动词 trans [美 du, 英 duː]
1. do (to perform an action):
2.1. do (to carry out):
2.2. do:
3. do (as one's job, profession, function):
4. do (to achieve, to bring about):
6.1. do (to look after, to arrange, to repair):
6.2. do (to clean):
6.3. do (to prepare, to arrange):
7.2. do drawings/translations/interviews:
8.1. do 英 (to provide):
9. do (to be adequate for, to suit):
10. do (when expressing speeds, distances):
11.1. do (to study):
11.2. do 俗 (to visit):
13.1. do 俗 (to serve):
13.2. do 俗 (to serve) (in a posting):
14.1. do 俗 英 (to catch, to prosecute):
16.1. do 俗 (to finish):
II. do1 <3rd pers sing pres does, 现在分词 doing, pt did, past part done> 动词 不及物动词 [美 du, 英 duː]
1. do (to act, to behave):
2. do (to be getting along, to manage):
3. do (to go on, to happen) 俗 in -ing form:
4.1. do (to be suitable, acceptable):
4.2. do (to serve as):
5. do (to be enough):
III. do1 <3rd pers sing pres does, 现在分词 doing, pt did, past part done> 动词 助动词 [美 du, 英 duː] Where do is used as an auxiliary verb, the Spanish verb on its own translates both the auxiliary and the principal verbs: she didn't come no vino; does he know?¿lo sabe?
Note that in spoken Spanish a question is indicated by intonation. El verbo auxiliar do se usa para formar el negativo y el interrogativo, para agregar énfasis, o para sustituir a un verbo usado anteriormente.
Note that in spoken Spanish a question is indicated by intonation. El verbo auxiliar do se usa para formar el negativo y el interrogativo, para agregar énfasis, o para sustituir a un verbo usado anteriormente.
1. do (in elliptical use):
2.1. do (used to form the negative):
2.2. do (with inversion after negative adverbs):
3.1. do (used to form the interrogative):
3.2. do (in exclamations):
4.1. do (for emphasis):
4.2. do (when expressing alternatives):
4.3. do (when expressing contradictions):
4.4. do (in oaths, wills, affidavits etc):
IV. do1 <pl dos> 名词 [美 du, 英 duː]
2. do (state of affairs) 俗 无复数:
do with 动词 (v + prep + o)
1. do with (benefit from) with can, could:
2. do with (expressing connection):
在《PONS词典》中的词汇
英语
西班牙语
在《PONS词典》中的词汇
I. by [baɪ] 介词
1. by (near):
4. by (at the latest time):
5. by (cause):
6. by (through means of):
8. by (under):
11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):
I. do [du:] does, did, done does, did, done does, did, done 名词
II. do [du:] does, did, done does, did, done does, did, done 动词 助动词
3. do (word to form imperatives):
4. do (word used for emphasis):
5. do (replaces a repeated verb):
III. do [du:] does, did, done does, did, done does, did, done 动词 trans
1. do (carry out):
6. do (deal with):
11. do:
14. do (go at a speed of):
15. do (be satisfactory):
18. do (cause):
20. do (act):
IV. do [du:] does, did, done does, did, done does, did, done 动词 不及物动词
5. do (manage):
在《PONS词典》中的词汇
英语
西班牙语
在《PONS词典》中的词汇
I. by [baɪ] 介词
1. by (near):
4. by (at the latest time):
5. by (cause):
6. by (through means of):
8. by (under):
11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):
I. do [du] 名词
II. do <does, did, done> [du] 动词 助动词
3. do (in imperatives):
4. do (for emphasis):
5. do (replacing a repeated verb):
III. do <does, did, done> [du] 动词 trans
1. do (carry out):
5. do (deal with):
9. do:
12. do (go at a speed of):
14. do (sell):
16. do (cause):
IV. do <does, did, done> [du] 动词 不及物动词
2. do (manage):
| I | do by |
|---|---|
| you | do by |
| he/she/it | does by |
| we | do by |
| you | do by |
| they | do by |
| I | did by |
|---|---|
| you | did by |
| he/she/it | did by |
| we | did by |
| you | did by |
| they | did by |
| I | have | done by |
|---|---|---|
| you | have | done by |
| he/she/it | has | done by |
| we | have | done by |
| you | have | done by |
| they | have | done by |
| I | had | done by |
|---|---|---|
| you | had | done by |
| he/she/it | had | done by |
| we | had | done by |
| you | had | done by |
| they | had | done by |
单语范例（未经PONS编辑处理）
Typewriters, school dittos, church mimeos and (if they could afford it) multi-color letterpress or other mid-to-high level printing.
en.wikipedia.org Ditto for government licenses necessary to cut hair, drive a taxi, open a business or enter a profession.
en.wikipedia.org Most people use dittos to do their work, as they are affordable even for the poor.
en.wikipedia.org A cheap ditto suitable for housework is green, whereas a quality one for business is gray.
en.wikipedia.org Ditto's owners were later to claim that he won the race in a trot.
en.wikipedia.org