1. de (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión):
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la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz
-
my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house
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el rey de Francia
-
the king of France
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el cumpleaños de Luis
-
Luis's birthday
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el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero
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a colleague's wife's birthday
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el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero
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the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues
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no es de él/de ella/de ellos
-
it isn't his/hers/theirs
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un amigo de mi hijo
-
a friend of my son's
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es un amigo de la familia
-
he's a friend of the family
o a family friend
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un estudiante de quinto año
-
a fifth-year student
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el nieto de los Arteaga
-
the Arteagas' grandson
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la mesa de la cocina
-
the kitchen table
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la correa del perro
-
the dog's leash
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un avión de Mexair
-
a Mexair plane
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la tapa de la cacerola
-
the saucepan lid
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las calles de la capital
-
the streets of the capital
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las calles de la capital
-
the capital's streets
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la subida de los precios
-
the rise in prices
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al término de la reunión
-
at the end of the meeting
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2.1. de (introduciendo un nombre en aposición):
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la ciudad de Lima
-
the city of Lima
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el aeropuerto de Barajas
-
Barajas airport
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el mes de enero
-
the month of January
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el imbécil de tu hermano
-
that stupid brother of yours
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el imbécil de tu hermano
-
your stupid brother
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el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa
-
Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her
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2.2. de (en exclamaciones):
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¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! liter -
pity the person who has never experienced that feeling!
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3.1. de (expresando procedencia, origen):
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volvía de clase/del banco
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I was on my way back from my class/from the bank
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es de Bogotá
-
she's from Bogotá
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es de Bogotá
-
she comes from Bogotá
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lo saqué de la biblioteca
-
I got it out of the library
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lo recogió del suelo
-
she picked it up off the floor
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mis amigos de América
-
my American friends
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mis amigos de América
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my friends from America
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he recibido carta de Julia
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I've had a letter from Julia
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un hijo de su primera mujer
-
a son by his first wife
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al salir de la tienda
-
as he left the store
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(de … a …)
de aquí a tu casa
-
from here to your house
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3.2. de (en el tiempo):
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un amigo de la infancia
-
a childhood friend
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data del siglo XVII
-
it dates from the 17th century
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la literatura de ese período
-
the literature of
o from that period
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lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales
-
I know him from when I was in Rosales
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de un día para otro
-
from one day to the next
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(de … a …) está abierto de nueve a cinco
-
it's open from nine to five
o between nine and five
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de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato
-
it'll be a while yet before he finishes
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de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato
-
he won't be finished for a while yet
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4. de (al especificar material, contenido, composición):
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una mesa de caoba
-
a mahogany table
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una inyección de morfina
-
an injection of morphine
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una inyección de morfina
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a morphine injection
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el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado
-
the ideal complement to any fish dish
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son de plástico
-
they're (made of) plastic
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un curso de secretariado
-
a secretarial course
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nos sirvió una copa de champán
-
she gave us a glass of champagne
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una colección de sellos
-
a stamp collection
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una colección de sellos
-
a collection of stamps
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un millón de dólares
-
a million dollars
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5. de (expresando causa):
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murió de viejo
-
he died of old age
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verde de envidia
-
green with envy
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estaba ronco de tanto gritar
-
he was hoarse from shouting so much
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eso es de comer tan poco
-
that's what comes from
o of eating so little
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6. de (introduciendo cualidades, características)
de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad
-
es de una paciencia increíble
-
he is incredibly patient
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es de una paciencia increíble
-
he is a man of incredible patience
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un chiste de muy mal gusto
-
a joke in very bad taste
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objetos de mucho valor
-
objects of great value
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un pez de agua dulce
-
a freshwater fish
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¿de qué color lo quiere?
-
what color do you want it?
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tiene cara de aburrido
-
he looks bored
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ese gesto es muy de su madre
-
that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother
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tienes cosas de niño malcriado
-
sometimes you act like a spoiled child
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una botella de un litro
-
a liter bottle
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un niño de tres meses
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a three-month-old child
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déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo
-
give me some of those
o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo
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la chica del abrigo rojo
-
the girl with
o in the red coat
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la señora de azul
-
the lady in blue
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un hombre de pelo largo
-
a man with long hair
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un anciano de bastón
-
an old man with a stick
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7. de (con sentido ponderativo):
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¡lo encontré de viejo …!
-
he seemed so old!
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8. de (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)
de is part of many compounds like →
cuchara de servir →
máquina de coser →
saco de dormir
-
el cepillo de la ropa
-
the clothes brush
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el trapo de limpiar la plata
-
the cloth for cleaning the silver
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lo sirvió en copas de champán
-
he served it in champagne glasses
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dales algo de comer
-
give them something to eat
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¿qué hay de postre?
-
what's for dessert?
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9. de (introduciendo el complemento agente):
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una novela de Goytisolo
-
a novel by Goytisolo
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una novela de Goytisolo
-
a Goytisolo novel
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seguidos del resto de la familia
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followed by the rest of the family
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una casa rodeada de árboles
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a house surrounded by trees
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viene acompañado de arroz
-
it is served with rice
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acompañado de su señora esposa 书 -
accompanied by his wife
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10.1. de (sentido partitivo):
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¿quién de ustedes fue?
-
which (one) of you was it?
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se llevó uno de los míos
-
she took one of mine
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el mayor de los Rodríguez
-
the eldest of the Rodríguez children
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un cigarrillo de esos que apestan
-
one of those cigarettes that stink
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10.2. de (con un superlativo):
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eligió el más caro de todos
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she chose the most expensive one of all
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la ciudad más grande del mundo
-
the biggest city in the world
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11. de (refiriéndose a una parte del día):
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a las once de la mañana/de la noche
-
at eleven in the morning/at night
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duerme de día y trabaja de noche
-
she sleeps during the day and works at night
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salieron de madrugada
-
they left very early in the morning
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12. de (con apellidos)
de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña
:
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Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena
-
≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena
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los señores de Rucabado 书 -
Mr and Mrs Rucabado
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13. de (al definir, especificar):
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tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo
-
she was lucky enough to get it
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aprieta el botón de abajo
-
press the bottom button
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14.1. de (con cifras):
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el número de estudiantes es de 480
-
the number of students is 480
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el número de estudiantes es de 480
-
there are 480 students
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pagan un interés del 15%
-
they pay 15% interest
o interest at 15%
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14.2. de (en comparaciones de cantidad):
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cuesta más de £100
-
it costs more than
o over £100
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pesa menos de un kilo
-
it weighs less than
o under a kilo
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un número mayor/menor de 29
-
a number over/under 29
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14.3. de (en expresiones de modo):
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lo tumbó de un golpe
-
he knocked him down with one blow
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subió los escalones de dos en dos
-
he went up the stairs two at a time
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14.4. de
CSur
de is part of many expressions entered under →
frente
→
improviso →
prisa, etc -
(de a cuatro/ocho/diez) colócalos de a dos/cuatro
-
put them in twos/fours
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entraron de a uno
-
they went in one by one
o one at a time
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15. de (en calidad de):
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está de profesor en una academia
-
he's working as a teacher in a private school
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le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor
-
they offered him a job as an editor
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hace de enanito en la obra
-
he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play
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le habló de hombre a hombre
-
he talked to him man to man
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16.1. de (limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto):
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es muy bonita de cara
-
she has a pretty face
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es corto de talle/ancho de hombros
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he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered
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es sorda de un oído
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she's deaf in one ear
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¿qué tal vamos de tiempo?
-
how are we doing for time?
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tiene dos metros de ancho
-
it's two meters wide
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16.2. de (refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida):
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de niño
-
when he was a child
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17. de (en expresiones de estado, actividad)
de is part of many expressions entered under →
juerga →
picnic →
obra, etc
-
estaba de mal humor
-
she was in a bad mood
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estamos de limpieza general
-
we're spring-cleaning
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18.1. de
(con sentido condicional) ( de + infinit.):
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de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes
-
if I had known, I would have come earlier
o had I known, I would have come earlier
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de no ser así no será considerada
-
otherwise it will not be considered
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de continuar este estado de cosas
-
if this state of affairs persists
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18.2. de
(con sentido condicional) ( ser de + infinit.) (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad):
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es de esperar que …
-
it is to be hoped that …
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es de esperar que …
-
one hopes that …
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no son de fiar
-
they are not to be trusted
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es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde
-
Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note
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18.3. de (con sentido condicional):
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19. de
Arg criticized (a casa de):
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voy del médico
-
I'm going to the doctor's
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