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I. by [美 baɪ, 英 bʌɪ] 介词 by often appears as the second element of certain verb structures in English (abide by, get by, stand by, etc). For translations, see the relevant verb entry (abide, get, stand, etc).
1.1. by (not later than):
1.2. by (during, at):
2.1. by (at the side of, near to):
2.2. by (to hand) 美:
3.1. by (past):
3.2. by (via, through):
4. by (indicating agent, cause):
5.1. by (indicating means, method):
5.2. by (owing to, from):
6.1. by (according to):
6.2. by in 感叹词 phrases:
7.1. by (indicating rate):
7.2. by (indicating extent of difference):
7.3. by (indicating gradual progression):
8. by 数学:
短语,惯用语:
II. by [美 baɪ, 英 bʌɪ] 副
1. by (past):
2. by (aside, in reserve):
I. swear <pt swore, past part sworn> [美 swɛr, 英 swɛː] 动词 trans
1. swear allegiance/fidelity/revenge:
在《PONS词典》中的词汇
I. by [baɪ] 介词
1. by (near):
4. by (at the latest time):
5. by (cause):
6. by (through means of):
8. by (under):
11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):
I. swear [sweəʳ, 美 swer] 动词 不及物动词 swore, sworn
I. by [baɪ] 介词
1. by (near):
4. by (at the latest time):
5. by (cause):
6. by (through means of):
8. by (under):
11. by (in measurement, arithmetic):
I. swear <swore, sworn> [swer] 动词 不及物动词
| I | swear | 
|---|---|
| you | swear | 
| he/she/it | swears | 
| we | swear | 
| you | swear | 
| they | swear | 
| I | swore | 
|---|---|
| you | swore | 
| he/she/it | swore | 
| we | swore | 
| you | swore | 
| they | swore | 
| I | have | sworn | 
|---|---|---|
| you | have | sworn | 
| he/she/it | has | sworn | 
| we | have | sworn | 
| you | have | sworn | 
| they | have | sworn | 
| I | had | sworn | 
|---|---|---|
| you | had | sworn | 
| he/she/it | had | sworn | 
| we | had | sworn | 
| you | had | sworn | 
| they | had | sworn | 
无例句可用
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