The increasing number of possible delivery tools has spawned a wide range of mobile language learning programs, from very-short tutorials to full courses.
Thus, high self-consciousness and a reluctance to reveal their weaknesses and faults, coupled with feelings of vulnerability could greatly impede second language learning.
He was a scholar in various fields of linguistics, including sociolinguistics, pragmatics, bilingualism and multilingualism, second language learning, contact linguistics and intercultural communication.
Through this research, he identified three factors that could be measured to calculate language learning aptitude: verbal intelligence, auditory ability, and motivation.