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- This Spanish reform established four stages of pre-university education: non-compulsory educación infantil, from birth to six years; compulsory primary education, Primaria, from six to twelve; compulsory secondary education, ESO - Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, from twelve to sixteen; and either two years of Bachillerato, leading to university entrance, or two years of Formación Profesional Específica de Grado Medio, vocational training that can lead to Formación Profesional Específica de Grado Superior. The LOE superseded the LOGSE Ley Orgánica de Ordenación General del Sistema Educativo of 1990. The major change was a reduction in humanities subjects in the curriculum, while citizenship classes Educación para la Ciudadanía were introduced. The latter have been controversial in some quarters.
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- Spain's 1978 Constitution granted of areas of competence competencias to each of the autonomous regions it created. It also established that these could be modified by agreements, called estatutos de autonomía or just estatutos, between central government and each of the autonomous regions. The latter do not affect the competencias of central government which controls the army, etc. For example, Navarre, the Basque Country and Catalonia have their own police forces and health services, and collect taxes on behalf of central government. Navarre has its own civil law system, fueros, and can levy taxes which are different to those in the rest of Spain. In 2006, Andalusia, Valencia and Catalonia renegotiated their estatutos. The Catalan Estatut was particularly contentious.



