Criminal justice is just one more sphere -- along with health care, employment, lending, etc. -- in which race remains an immutable factor despite being nugatory as a measure of anything real.
At the same time, criminal justice saw an increased racialisation in disfavour of the non-white majority, who was represented in the vast majority of culprits in capital cases.
Associate's degree titles include accounting, business administration, criminal justice, medical assisting, paralegal studies, physical therapist assistant, and radiography.