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- The political party that won the Mexican general elections in 2000, breaking the Partido Revolucional Institucional's record of 71 years in power. PRI - Partido Revolucionario Institucional PAN was founded in 1939 as a conservative alternative to President, Lázaro Cárdenas. It presents an image of being a defender of popular causes, but takes an individualistic approach to matters of education and property. Its traditional policies include limiting state intervention in the economy to a minimum and bringing about a greater rapprochement between the government and the church.
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- The Spanish Civil War of 1936-39 began when right-wing army officers led by General Francisco Franco rebelled against the elected republican government. Southern and northwest Spain soon fell to Franco's nacionalistas, but in cities such as Madrid, Bilbao and Barcelona resistance was fierce. Franco's revolt was aided by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, while Britain and France declared a policy of non-intervention and blockaded Spanish ports. The Soviet Union aided the Republican government and volunteers from around the world joined the Brigadas Internacionales to fight against fascism. Resistance collapsed in the spring of 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship which ended with his death in 1975. A period of great economic hardship followed the end of the war and the persecution of Republicans continued for several years after the end of hostilities.
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BOGOTÁ: Has morning and evening newspapers representing the major political parties. All are government controlled. Dailies include El Tiempo (www.eltiempo.com), El Espectador (www.elespectador.com), and La República.
BUENOS AIRES: Morning papers of long standing and of national importance are: La Prensa, La Nación (www.lanacion.com.ar), the country's oldest, The Buenos Aires Herald (www.buenosairesherald.com), The Standard, the oldest English-language newspaper, and Clarín (www.clarín.com), a morning daily. La Razón and La Crónica come out in the evening.
CARACAS: has a wide press service. The most important dailies are El Nacional (www.el-nacional.terra.com.ve), El Universal (www.eud.com), Últimas Noticias, La Religión, and La Verdad (www.laverdad.com), all appearing in the afternoon, and the evening newspapers El Meridiano, El Mundo, El Globo, and Extra. There is also an English-language daily, The Daily Journal.
HAVANA: Has three dailies. The best known is Granma(www.granma.cubaweb.cu), official newspaper of the Cuban Communist Party. Trabajadores is published by the Cuban trade union movement, and the more lively Juventud Rebelde is aimed at a younger readership.
LIMA: has a dozen daily newspapers. El Comercio (www.elcomercioperu.com), founded in 1939, is Peru's oldest newspaper. Ojo, a morning newspaper, has the largest circulation. El Peruano (www.editoraperu.com) is the official state gazette, and Expreso is the leading opposition daily.
MEXICO CITY: Has twenty dailies. The morning daily Excelsior (www.excelsior.com.mx), established in 1917, is often considered the nation's best and one of the most important newspapers of the Spanish-speaking world. La Jornada is another important daily, and there is an English-language daily, The News.
MONTEVIDEO: The British, who occupied the city in 1807, published the first newspaper in the capital, The Southern Star. The city has had newspapers ever since, representing the views of all political parties and factions.
SANTIAGO DE CHILE: There are almost a dozen newspapers. The most important dailies are El Mercurio (www.elmercurio.cl), founded in 1900, La Nación, and La Tercera (www.tercera.cl).
