The cases all raised concerns about exotic bets and the risk of spot-fixing, although in no case was a deliberate attempt at spot-fixing ever implicated.
However, there has been criticism that sports such as football (soccer) and baseball are doing nothing about the issue, and letting athletes implicated in doping away unpunished.
Variations in enhancers have been implicated in human disease but a therapeutic approach to manipulate enhancer activity has been currently not possible.
Ethanol from exogenous and endogenous sources and its more toxic metabolite, acetaldehyde, have been implicated in both osteoporosis and osteonecrosis.