The penalty is generally assessed by the referee that is on ice and is up to their judgment to decide whether the penalty was a cross-check or something else.
They also talk to investee companies' stakeholders to cross-check information to better create a complete picture on investee companies' performance and sustainability.
Its in-store pharmacists also perform a drug utilization review, in which they cross-check every prescription against the customer's submitted information for drug, disease and allergy interactions.
Cloaking information in secrecy may make it seem more valuable to journalists, and anonymity reduces the ability of others to cross-check or discredit the information.