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- Mexico's leading political party. Founded in 1929 as the Partido de la Revolución Mexicana, it took its present name in 1946. It supports state intervention in economic, political, and cultural life. The PRI dominated Mexican politics for most of the twentieth century, staying in power for 71 years until 2000, when it was beaten by PAN - Partido de Acción Nacional It remained an opposition party after the 2006 elections.
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- A political movement, known officially as justicialismo, named for the populist politician Colonel Juan Domingo Perón, elected President of Argentina in 1946. An admirer of Italian fascism, Perón claimed always to be a champion of the workers and the poor, the descamisados (shirtless ones), to whom his first wife Eva Duarte ('Evita') became a kind of icon, especially after her death in 1952. Although he instituted some social reforms, Perón's regime proved increasingly repressive and he was ousted by the army in 1955. He returned from exile to become president in 1973, but died in office a year later. The Partido Justicialista has governed Argentina almost continuously since 1989, under Presidents Carlos Menem, Néstor Kirchner, and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Néstor Kirchner's widow, who was re-elected President in 2011.
