I.on [美 ɑn, ɔn, 英 ɒn]介词on often appears as the second element of certain verb structures in English (count on, lay on, sign on, etc). For translations, see the relevant verb entry (count, lay, sign, etc).
I.up [美 əp, 英 ʌp]副up often appears as the second element of certain verb structures in English (back up, pick up, sit up, etc). For translations, see the relevant verb entry (back, pick, sit, etc).
Through statistical learning, we pick up on the frequencies and distribution of events in our linguistic environments, which inform language comprehension.