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http://www.pons.de/produkte/3-12-517841-X/（牛津大学出版社授权产品）

英语
英语
西班牙语
西班牙语

I. toughen [美 ˈtəfən, 英 ˈtʌfn] 动词 trans

1. toughen (strengthen):

toughen muscles
endurecer
toughen material
hacer más fuerte
toughen material
hacer más resistente

2. toughen person:

toughen (make physically resilient)
hacer más fuerte
toughen (make emotionally resilient)
hacer más fuerte
toughen (make emotionally resilient)
fortalecer

3. toughen (make more uncompromising):

toughen stance/approach
volver más firme

II. toughen [美 ˈtəfən, 英 ˈtʌfn] 动词 不及物动词

1. toughen (strengthen):

toughen muscles:
endurecerse
his skin had toughened
se le había curtido la piel

2. toughen (become physically, emotionally resilient):

toughen
hacerse más fuerte

3. toughen (become more uncompromising):

toughen stance/approach:
hacerse más firme
toughen stance/approach:
endurecerse

I. toughen up 动词 [美 ˈtəfən -, 英 ˈtʌfn -] (v + adv + o, v + o + adv)

1. toughen up (strengthen):

toughen up muscles
endurecer
toughen up material
hacer más fuerte
toughen up material
hacer más resistente

2. toughen up person:

toughen up (make physically resilient)
hacer más fuerte
toughen up (make emotionally resilient)
hacer más fuerte
toughen up (make emotionally resilient)
fortalecer

3. toughen up (make more uncompromising):

toughen up stance/approach
volver más firme

II. toughen up 动词 [美 ˈtəfən -, 英 ˈtʌfn -] (v + adv)

1. toughen up (strengthen):

toughen up muscles:
endurecerse
his skin had toughened up
se le había curtido la piel

2. toughen up (become physically, emotionally resilient):

toughen up
hacerse más fuerte

3. toughen up (become more uncompromising):

toughen up stance/approach:
hacerse más firme
toughen up stance/approach:
endurecerse
西班牙语
西班牙语
英语
英语
lo endurecen para que dure más
it is toughened to last longer
endurecer (fortalecer)
to toughen … up
endurecer
to toughen
vamos a endurecer nuestra postura frente al terrorismo
we are going to toughen our stance on o take a tougher line against terrorism
endurecerse (fortalecerse)
to toughen up
endurecerse (hacerse más fuerte)
to toughen up
acerar
to toughen
radicalizar
to toughen
hacer concha Mex
to become hardened o toughened

在《PONS词典》中的词汇

英语
英语
西班牙语
西班牙语

I. toughen [ˈtʌfən] 动词 trans

toughen
endurecer

II. toughen [ˈtʌfən] 动词 不及物动词

toughen
endurecerse
西班牙语
西班牙语
英语
英语
endurecer (mente)
to toughen
在《PONS词典》中的词汇
英语
英语
西班牙语
西班牙语

I. toughen [ˈtʌf·ən] 动词 trans

toughen
endurecer

II. toughen [ˈtʌf·ən] 动词 不及物动词

toughen
endurecerse
西班牙语
西班牙语
英语
英语
endurecer (mente)
to toughen
Present
Itoughen
youtoughen
he/she/ittoughens
wetoughen
youtoughen
theytoughen
Past
Itoughened
youtoughened
he/she/ittoughened
wetoughened
youtoughened
theytoughened
Present Perfect
Ihavetoughened
youhavetoughened
he/she/ithastoughened
wehavetoughened
youhavetoughened
theyhavetoughened
Past Perfect
Ihadtoughened
youhadtoughened
he/she/ithadtoughened
wehadtoughened
youhadtoughened
theyhadtoughened
See further verb tables

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单语范例（未经PONS编辑处理）

Curing can toughen the skin and heal minor physical damages while drying can reduce spoilage and inactivate metabolic degradation.
en.wikipedia.org
This fire is used to dry and toughen the young wings, which is necessary for flight.
en.wikipedia.org
In fact, the aristocrats have toughened up admirably and are quite content with their lot.
en.wikipedia.org
On the other hand, overmixing results in long gluten strands that toughen the pastry.
en.wikipedia.org
It is then soaked in cold water for 24 hours before play to toughen it.
en.wikipedia.org

浏览词典

在双语词典中的"toughened"译文

英语
阿拉伯语