Involvement of the endocardium typically results in fibrinoid necrosis and verrucae formation along the lines of closure of the left-sided heart valves.
Notably, these endocardium-derived liver vessels respond to injury and proliferate to form new vessels during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
These cells can differentiate into endocardium which lines the heart chamber and valves and the myocardium which forms the musculature of the ventricles and the atria.
Other structures that may be involved include the interventricular septum, the chordae tendineae, the mural endocardium, or even the surfaces of intracardiac devices.
By intersectional lineage tracing technology, researchers pinpointed that endocardium-derived liver vasculature is derived from sinus venosus endocardium, which is also the origin of coronary vessels.
A small tissue sample of the endocardium and myocardium is taken, and investigated by a pathologist by light microscopy and -- if necessary -- immunochemistry and special staining methods.
