It espouses the rejection of consumer culture, using existing systems or existing processes that would foster dependence on established societal structures.
Opioids are known to have strong antidepressive, anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects and thus opioid dependence often develops as a result of self medication.
In population ecology the model is used as a stand-alone discrete time population model or as a model of density dependence in larger population models.
As no single treatment is effective for all individuals with opioid dependence, diverse treatment options are needed, including psychosocial approaches and pharmacological treatment.
