During the second period, called the construction of the foundations of socialism, agriculture was collectivized, and industry was diversified into mining, timber processing, and consumer goods production.
Unlike mutualists, collectivist anarchists oppose all private ownership of the means of production, instead advocating that ownership be collectivized.
An abortive attempt to collectivize all arads occurred in the early 1930s; efforts to encourage voluntary cooperatives and arad producers' associations followed.
