The system depended on trained local elites and officials to carry out the sanitation improvements, quarantines, inoculations, hospitals, and local treatment centers that were needed.
Later development of the theory extended inoculation to more controversial and contested topics in the contexts of politics, health, marketing, and others.
Because the fungus has somewhat unspecialised nutrient requirements and a relatively broad host specificity, it has been frequently used in research and seedling inoculation programs.