Instead, the negative mass represents an instability to tachyon condensation, and all excitations of the field propagate subluminally and are consistent with causality.
While these studies have the advantage of using large, national datasets to establish links between minority status, stressors, and health, they can not demonstrate causality.
However, results from cross-sectional designs are can not establish causality because it does not permit prediction from one time or circumstance to a different time.