单语范例（未经PONS编辑处理）
Endoscopy is essential in ruling out other causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and in rare cases; active bleeding can be seen from the duodenal ampulla.
en.wikipedia.org Chyme also stimulates duodenal enteroendocrine cells to release secretin and cholecystokinin.
en.wikipedia.org This is where sections of the pancreas completely encircle the duodenum, and may even lead to duodenal atresia.
en.wikipedia.org The ulcer is known initially as a peptic ulcer before the ulcer burns through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenal wall.
en.wikipedia.org The definitive treatment for duodenal atresia is surgery (duodenoduodenostomy), which may be performed openly or laparoscopically.
en.wikipedia.org