Alternating current caused burns in skeletal and heart muscle also inducing atrial as well as ventricular fibrillation in a large majority of the animal experiments.
Digoxin continues to be used therapeutically for many of the same indications in which ouabain was used (including atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure).
A cost-effectiveness analysis found that dabigatran was more effective than warfarin for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and a history of prior stroke or transient ischemic attack.