Later, judges began to demand the parties submit motions in writing, often before the jury was empaneled, to be argued and decided without the jury being present.
Where equitable claims are tried, testimony is most frequently by deposition, unless the court has opted to empanel an advisory jury, in which case oral testimony is the norm.
Notwithstanding this refusal, the court declined to permit him any sort of trial by ordeal, but realizing the gravity of the situation they empanelled an impressive jury of twenty-four knights.