In addition, creoles and pidgins may be more stable, while an interlanguage often changes as the speaker improves and learns more about the target language.
These grammatical simplifications resemble those observed in pidgins, creoles and other contact languages, which arise when speakers of different languages need to communicate.
Code-switching is distinct from other language contact phenomena, such as borrowing, pidgins and creoles, loan translation (calques), and language transfer (language interference).
