They are considered to develop during childhood or adolescence, be elaborated throughout life and to be dysfunctional in that they lead to self-defeating behavior.
The subconscious, as it is known in psychoanalysis, as well as viewpoints emphasizing unconscious motivations, drives, and instincts are considered to be self-defeating.
It was counter-productive and self-defeating, therefore, to expose first-time offenders to the corrosive and brutalising effect of prison for trifling offences.
These complaints include these measures being anti-developmental, self-defeating, and tending to have an adverse impact on the poorest segments of the population.
