It covers the field of nuclear medicine, including dosimetry, radiation biology, radiochemistry, radiopharmacology, molecular imaging probes, reporter gene assays, cell trafficking, targeting of endogenous gene expression, and antisense methodologies.
Examples include reactive oxygen species generation, stress response, apoptosis, membrane lysis, and reporter gene expression, which can be detected using high content screening.
Often, investigation of specific protein expression in cancer and drug effects on these expressions are studied "in vivo" with genetically engineered light-emitting reporter genes.
For example, the reporter gene green fluorescent protein can be visualized by stimulating it with blue light and then using a digital camera to record green fluorescent emission.