For irrigation systems to be sustainable, they require proper management (to avoid salinization) and must not use more water from their source than is naturally replenishable.
Obstacles to agricultural development include labour shortages, inadequate management and maintenance, salinization, urban migration, and dislocations resulting from previous land reform and collectivization programs.
The water is typically saline (high salt content) which promotes salinization of the land under the arid climatic condition of high evaporation and low precipitation.
