However, designers had to balance the cheapness of war-surplus engines against their poor fuel efficiency and the operating expense of their total-loss lubrication system.
Executives need to know the amount of money spent on energy and the revenue or operating expense available to mitigate pending environmental regulations.
Hill avoided this by investing a large portion of the railroad's profit back into the railroad itselfand charged those investments to operating expense.
The indie publishers have likely performed better because they had to be more agile, functioning with lower operating expense, and incurring less debt.