A have-not province also loses equalization for every additional dollar it makes from royalties off the sale of its natural resources, thereby creating a disincentive for developing those resources.
She defines citizen participation as the redistribution of power that enables the have-not citizens, presently excluded from the political and economic processes, to be deliberately included in the future.
The social transfer has a cash and tax point value of $19.1 billion while the general equalization payments distributed $13.6 billion to 6 have-not provinces.