Organisms genetically modified using cisgenesis are called cisgenic organisms (cisgenics) and those modified using transgenesis are called transgenic organisms (transgenics).
Early technologies developed to insert a gene into a living cell, such as transgenesis, are limited by the random nature of the insertion of the new sequence into the genome.
This transcontinental collaboration constructed a body of work that formed the foundation for a generation of scientific progress in genetic modification via transgenesis, homologous recombination or knock-out techniques, and cloning.
